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"SOS
Investigation, Ransomware

Ransomware – State of Play November 2023

SOS Intelligence is currently tracking 166 distinct ransomware groups. Data collection covers 309 relays and mirrors, 110 of which are currently online.

In the reporting period, SOS Intelligence has identified 437 instances of publicised ransomware attacks.  These have been identified through the publication of victim details and data on ransomware blog sites accessible via Tor. Our analysis is presented below:

As in previous months, the ransomware landscape is dominated by strains using affiliate models. Lockbit remains the most active strain, and has seen a 73% increase in breach posts when compared to the previous month. High on the list is 8base, who release a large amount of data on 30th November. In contrast to the other high-profile groups observed, it is believed that the 8base group do not have their own proprietary ransomware, but instead rely on using other ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) variants, such as Phobos.

As seen in previous months, the USA remains the primary target of ransomware groups and threat actors.  We have observed an increased release of data from France, Germany and Italy, while the UK and Canada have remained high on the list of targeted countries. 

As members of the G7, these countries have strong economies and therefore possess lucrative targets for financially-minded threat actors. However, this surge in activity may be politically motivated.  In recent weeks these countries have all shown support for Israel in its conflict with Hamas, which may give certain threat actors additional motivation to target those countries.

Logistics, manufacturing, and construction have remained the key targeted industries for November.  These industries would be more reliant on technology in order to continue their business activities, and so it logically follows that they would be more likely to pay a ransom in order to regain access to compromised computer systems.  We are seeing a shift in tactics for certain industries, particularly those where data privacy carries a higher importance (such as legal or healthcare), where threat actors are not deploying encryption software and instead relying solely on data exfiltration as the main source of material for blackmail and extortion.

New for this month we have also considered the victim ownership; whether they’re privately or publicly owned.  Within breach sites, the publicised victims are overwhelmingly privately owned.  Publicly-owned victims tend to be either smaller, local government entities or educational districts within the US school system.  Higher level public entities, while offering a lucrative target for hostile state actors, but may be more than a financially-motivated threat actor wishes to take on, owing to the likely increased law enforcement effort to obtain a judicial outcome.

Photo by FLY:D on Unsplash

"SOS
CVE Top 10

The SOS Intelligence CVE Chatter Weekly Top Ten – 04 December 2023

 

This weekly blog post is from via our unique intelligence collection pipelines. We are your eyes and ears online, including the Dark Web.

There are thousands of vulnerability discussions each week. SOS Intelligence gathers a list of the most discussed Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) online for the previous week.

We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the data presented. As this is an automated process some errors may creep in.

If you are feeling generous please do make us aware of anything you spot, feel free to follow us on Twitter @sosintel and DM us. Thank you!

 


 

1.  CVE-2023-46214

In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.0.7 and 9.1.2, Splunk Enterprise does not safely sanitize extensible stylesheet language transformations (XSLT) that users supply. This means that an attacker can upload malicious XSLT which can result in remote code execution on the Splunk Enterprise instance.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46214

 


 

2. CVE-2023-4966

Sensitive information disclosure in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway when configured as a Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA ?virtual?server. 

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4966

 


 

3. CVE-2022-30190

Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30190

 


 

4. CVE-2009-0658

Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-0658

 


 

5. CVE-2023-6345

Integer overflow in Skia in Google Chrome prior to 119.0.6045.199 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a malicious file. (Chromium security severity: High)

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6345

 


 

6. CVE-2023-49103

In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.0.7 and 9.1.2, Splunk Enterprise does not safely sanitize extensible stylesheet language transformations (XSLT) that users supply. This means that an attacker can upload malicious XSLT which can result in remote code execution on the Splunk Enterprise instance.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49103

 


 

7. CVE-2012-2459

Unspecified vulnerability in bitcoind and Bitcoin-Qt before 0.4.6, 0.5.x before 0.5.5, 0.6.0.x before 0.6.0.7, and 0.6.x before 0.6.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (block-processing outage and incorrect block count) via unknown behavior on a Bitcoin network.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2459

 


 

8. CVE-2023-48122

N/A

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48122

 


 

9. CVE-2018-17144

Bitcoin Core 0.14.x before 0.14.3, 0.15.x before 0.15.2, and 0.16.x before 0.16.3 and Bitcoin Knots 0.14.x through 0.16.x before 0.16.3 allow a remote denial of service (application crash) exploitable by miners via duplicate input. An attacker can make bitcoind or Bitcoin-Qt crash.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17144

 


 

10. CVE-2023-40813

OpenCRX version 5.2.0 is vulnerable to HTML injection via Activity Saved Search Creation.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40813

 


"managed
Flash Alert

Flash Alert – CitrixBleed victim with impacts on UK legal sector

CVE-2023-4966

CVSS: 9.4

In October 2023 we reported on an observation of a threat actor exploiting CVE-2023-4966, a vulnerability in Citrix NetScaler since dubbed CitrixBleed.  Further information on that report can be found here.

This vulnerability allows threat actors to hijack existing, authenticated sessions and bypass multi-factor authentication. As a result, they could fully control NetScaler environments, and therefore manage and control application delivery.

We’d previously stated an expectation that this vulnerability would continue to be exploited, banking on a slow patch rate, and this prediction appears to have been correct. In the last week, it has been reported that managed service provider (MSP) CTS has suffered a significant cyberattack as a result of CitrixBleed.

CTS provides IT services for the UK legal sector.  As a result of the attack, it is estimated that up to 200 UK firms and offices have been significantly impacted, resulting in a loss of access to systems and databases crucial for them to function. The incident was first noted on Wednesday (22nd November 2023) and continued into the weekend. This has had a significant impact on property buyers, with Fridays being the busiest days for purchase completions.

There is limited information available regarding the overall scope of the attack against CTS, but it has been suggested that ransomware had been deployed, which we will continue to monitor for. It is unknown whether any sensitive or confidential information has been impacted, but the incident has been reported to the ICO.

The targeting of an MSP at this time is significant. The UK Government has decided to not include an update to the NIS Regulations within the most recent King’s Speech, meaning that these will likely not be considered until after the next general election in 2024. Updating these regulations would treat MSPs as critical infrastructure, and encourage them to focus on and improve their own cybersecurity and defences in order to prevent supply chain attacks.  In the foreword to the UK Government’s “Proposal for legislation to improve the UK’s cyber resilience”,  Julia Lopez MP, Minister of State for Media, Data, and Digital Infrastructure stated:

“an attractive and high value target for malicious threat actors, and can be used as staging points through which threat actors can compromise the clients of those managed services,”

This is not the first such attack against an MSP in the UK.  In August 2022, IT supplier Advanced was targeted with ransomware, which had a serious impact on the NHS’s ability to deliver care.  In January 2023 the UK National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) issued a warning regarding the use of MSP’s, and that use of their services would increase an organisation’s attack surface.  An MSP with access to multiple clients makes them a “juicy target” for threat actors wanting to cause as much disruption as possible.

Photo by Tingey Injury Law Firm on Unsplash.

"SOS
CVE Top 10

The SOS Intelligence CVE Chatter Weekly Top Ten – 27 November 2023

 

This weekly blog post is from via our unique intelligence collection pipelines. We are your eyes and ears online, including the Dark Web.

There are thousands of vulnerability discussions each week. SOS Intelligence gathers a list of the most discussed Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) online for the previous week.

We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the data presented. As this is an automated process some errors may creep in.

If you are feeling generous please do make us aware of anything you spot, feel free to follow us on Twitter @sosintel and DM us. Thank you!

 


 

1.  CVE-2023-40289

N/A

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40289

 


 

2. CVE-2023-4966

Improper Authentication vulnerability in WPDeveloper Essential Addons for Elementor allows Privilege Escalation. This issue affects Essential Addons for Elementor: from 5.4.0 through 5.7.1.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4966

 


 

3. CVE-2023-32243

Improper Authentication vulnerability in WPDeveloper Essential Addons for Elementor allows Privilege Escalation. This issue affects Essential Addons for Elementor: from 5.4.0 through 5.7.1.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32243

 


 

4. CVE-2023-36025

Windows SmartScreen Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-36025

 


 

5. CVE-2023-22518

Improper Authentication vulnerability in WPDeveloper Essential Addons for Elementor allows Privilege Escalation. This issue affects Essential Addons for Elementor: from 5.4.0 through 5.7.1.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22518

 


 

6. CVE-2012-2459

Unspecified vulnerability in bitcoind and Bitcoin-Qt before 0.4.6, 0.5.x before 0.5.5, 0.6.0.x before 0.6.0.7, and 0.6.x before 0.6.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (block-processing outage and incorrect block count) via unknown behavior on a Bitcoin network.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2459

 


 

7. CVE-2023-38831

RARLAB WinRAR before 6.23 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code when a user attempts to view a benign file within a ZIP archive. The issue occurs because a ZIP archive may include a benign file (such as an ordinary .JPG file) and also a folder that has the same name as the benign file, and the contents of the folder (which may include executable content) are processed during an attempt to access only the benign file. This was exploited in the wild in April through October 2023.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38831

 


 

8. CVE-2023-28252

Improper Authentication vulnerability in WPDeveloper Essential Addons for Elementor allows Privilege Escalation. This issue affects Essential Addons for Elementor: from 5.4.0 through 5.7.1.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28252

 


 

9. CVE-2023-48122

N/A

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48122

 


 

10. CVE-2022-30190

Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30190

 


"SOS
CVE Top 10

The SOS Intelligence CVE Chatter Weekly Top Ten – 20 November 2023

 

This weekly blog post is from via our unique intelligence collection pipelines. We are your eyes and ears online, including the Dark Web.

There are thousands of vulnerability discussions each week. SOS Intelligence gathers a list of the most discussed Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) online for the previous week.

We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the data presented. As this is an automated process some errors may creep in.

If you are feeling generous please do make us aware of anything you spot, feel free to follow us on Twitter @sosintel and DM us. Thank you!

 


 

1.  CVE-2023-4966

The HTTP/2 protocol allows a denial of service (server resource consumption) because request cancellation can reset many streams quickly, as exploited in the wild in August through October 2023.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4966

 


 

2. CVE-2018-17144

Bitcoin Core 0.14.x before 0.14.3, 0.15.x before 0.15.2, and 0.16.x before 0.16.3 and Bitcoin Knots 0.14.x through 0.16.x before 0.16.3 allow a remote denial of service (application crash) exploitable by miners via duplicate input. An attacker can make bitcoind or Bitcoin-Qt crash.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17144

 


 

3. CVE-2023-4863

Heap buffer overflow in libwebp in Google Chrome prior to 116.0.5845.187 and libwebp 1.3.2 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory write via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Critical)

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4863

 


 

4. CVE-2022-3696

A post-auth code injection vulnerability allows admins to execute code in Webadmin of Sophos Firewall releases older than version 19.5 GA.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3696

 


 

5. CVE-2021-21972

The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in a vCenter Server plugin. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server. This affects VMware vCenter Server (7.x before 7.0 U1c, 6.7 before 6.7 U3l and 6.5 before 6.5 U3n) and VMware Cloud Foundation (4.x before 4.2 and 3.x before 3.10.1.2).

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21972

 


 

6. CVE-2022-3236

A post-auth code injection vulnerability allows admins to execute code in Webadmin of Sophos Firewall releases older than version 19.5 GA.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3236

 


 

7. CVE-2020-1472

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when an attacker establishes a vulnerable Netlogon secure channel connection to a domain controller, using the Netlogon Remote Protocol (MS-NRPC), aka ‘Netlogon Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability’.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1472

 


 

8. CVE-2012-2459

Unspecified vulnerability in bitcoind and Bitcoin-Qt before 0.4.6, 0.5.x before 0.5.5, 0.6.0.x before 0.6.0.7, and 0.6.x before 0.6.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (block-processing outage and incorrect block count) via unknown behavior on a Bitcoin network.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2459

 


 

9. CVE-2021-24084

Windows Mobile Device Management Information Disclosure Vulnerability

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-24084

 


 

10. CVE-2022-40684

An authentication bypass using an alternate path or channel [CWE-288] in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.1 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiProxy version 7.2.0 and version 7.0.0 through 7.0.6 and FortiSwitchManager version 7.2.0 and 7.0.0 allows an unauthenticated atttacker to perform operations on the administrative interface via specially crafted HTTP or HTTPS requests.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40684

 


"SOS
CVE Top 10

The SOS Intelligence CVE Chatter Weekly Top Ten – 13 November 2023

 

This weekly blog post is from via our unique intelligence collection pipelines. We are your eyes and ears online, including the Dark Web.

There are thousands of vulnerability discussions each week. SOS Intelligence gathers a list of the most discussed Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) online for the previous week.

We make every effort to ensure the accuracy of the data presented. As this is an automated process some errors may creep in.

If you are feeling generous please do make us aware of anything you spot, feel free to follow us on Twitter @sosintel and DM us. Thank you!

 


 

1.  CVE-2018-17144

Bitcoin Core 0.14.x before 0.14.3, 0.15.x before 0.15.2, and 0.16.x before 0.16.3 and Bitcoin Knots 0.14.x through 0.16.x before 0.16.3 allow a remote denial of service (application crash) exploitable by miners via duplicate input. An attacker can make bitcoind or Bitcoin-Qt crash.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17144

 


 

2. CVE-2023-4911

A buffer overflow was discovered in the GNU C Library’s dynamic loader ld.so while processing the GLIBC_TUNABLES environment variable. This issue could allow a local attacker to use maliciously crafted GLIBC_TUNABLES environment variables when launching binaries with SUID permission to execute code with elevated privileges.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4911

 


 

3. CVE-2018-13379

An Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (“Path Traversal”) in Fortinet FortiOS 6.0.0 to 6.0.4, 5.6.3 to 5.6.7 and 5.4.6 to 5.4.12 and FortiProxy 2.0.0, 1.2.0 to 1.2.8, 1.1.0 to 1.1.6, 1.0.0 to 1.0.7 under SSL VPN web portal allows an unauthenticated attacker to download system files via special crafted HTTP resource requests.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13379

 


 

4. CVE-2023-4966

A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco RV340, RV340W, RV345, and RV345P Dual WAN Gigabit VPN Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient authorization enforcement mechanisms in the context of file uploads. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload arbitrary files to the affected device.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4966

 


 

5. CVE-2017-9841

A buffer overflow was discovered in the GNU C Library’s dynamic loader ld.so while processing the GLIBC_TUNABLES environment variable. This issue could allow a local attacker to use maliciously crafted GLIBC_TUNABLES environment variables when launching binaries with SUID permission to execute code with elevated privileges.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9841

 


 

6. CVE-2021-20028

** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Improper neutralization of a SQL Command leading to SQL Injection vulnerability impacting end-of-life Secure Remote Access (SRA) products, specifically the SRA appliances running all 8.x firmware and 9.0.0.9-26sv or earlier.

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20028

 


 

7. CVE-2023-20598

N/A

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20598

 


 

8. CVE-2021-21972

The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in a vCenter Server plugin. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server. This affects VMware vCenter Server (7.x before 7.0 U1c, 6.7 before 6.7 U3l and 6.5 before 6.5 U3n) and VMware Cloud Foundation (4.x before 4.2 and 3.x before 3.10.1.2).

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21972

 


 

9. CVE-2020-1472

The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in a vCenter Server plugin. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server. This affects VMware vCenter Server (7.x before 7.0 U1c, 6.7 before 6.7 U3l and 6.5 before 6.5 U3n) and VMware Cloud Foundation (4.x before 4.2 and 3.x before 3.10.1.2).

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1472

 


 

10. CVE-2023-35841

N/A

https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35841

 


"SysAid
Flash Alert

Flash Alert – Zero-day vulnerability in SysAid IT support software

CVE-2023-47246

CVSS: TBD

Research by Microsoft Threat Intelligence has identified a vulnerability in SysAid IT On-Premise software, documented as CVE-2023-47246. The vulnerability allows a threat actor to leverage path traversal in order to execute their own code within the target system.

It has been identified that the threat actor Lace Tempest has exploited the vulnerability by uploading a WAR archive containing a WebShell and other payloads into the webroot of the SysAid Tomcat web service. The full directory path was:

C:\Program Files\SysAidServer\tomcat\webapps\usersfiles\

The deployed WebShell granted the threat actor unauthorised access and control. Once established, they utilised PowerShell scripts to run a malware loader (with filename user.exe). This was in turn used to deploy the GraceWire Trojan, which was injected into one of the following running processes:

  • spoolsv.exe
  • msiexec.exe
  • svchost.exe

Once GraceWire was deployed, a second PowerShell script was executed to erase evidence of the threat actor’s presence from the disk and associated web logs.

Lace Tempest has previously been observed utilising the MOVEit vulnerability in June 2023, and deploying Cl0p ransomware.

Given the severity of the vulnerability, it is recommended that steps are taken immediately to deploy patches issued by SysAid.  Vulnerable users of the software should also review systems for evidence of prior exploitation.  Further details can be found on the SysAid blog here.

For further information on CL0P’s recent activities and other ransomware blogs check out my latest Ransomware statistics article here.

"SOS
Investigation, Ransomware

Ransomware Statistics for October 2023

SOS Intelligence is currently tracking 163 distinct ransomware groups. Data collection covers 299 relays and mirrors, 93 of which are currently online.

In the reporting period, SOS Intelligence has identified 337 instances of publicised ransomware attacks.  These have been identified through the publication of victim details and data on ransomware blog sites accessible via Tor. Our analysis is presented below:

Our first graph shows attacks organised by strain. The most prominent threat groups have been AlphV/BlackCat, Play, and LockBit3. All three provide operate a Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) business model, which would increase the number of threat actors using them, so it is no surprise to see these variants appearing responsible for more attacks.

Secondly, we have looked at the spread of victims by country of origin.  The USA remains the target of choice for many ransomware groups and threat actors, owing to the value of its economy and the likelihood of victims to pay ransoms.

A significant number of victims have been identified in Bulgaria, all of whom were targeted by the RansomedVC strain.  RansomedVC does operate a RaaS business model, so it is hypothesised that this has been a single threat actor specifically targeting Bulgarian retail businesses. 

Finally, we have looked at the targeted industries. Business Services, Manufacturing and Retail sectors have experienced significantly more targeting. This is likely due to their reliance on technology to undertake their business functions: a company more reliant on technology is more likely to pay if their services and networks are disrupted.

Photo by FLY:D on Unsplash

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